THE COMMERCE GODS OF THE PHOENIC' IANS.

The Phoenic'Ian religion was an inseparable part of everyday life and they worshiped their gods with offerings and sacrifices at purpose-built temples constructed in prominent locations in their city-states, however,  they did not build idols of their gods to place inside their temples as did many other ancient cultures. They also worshiped at natural sites which were considered sacred such as certain mountains, rivers, groves of trees, and even rocks. Rivers carried the names of the gods such as the Adonis River near Byblos and the Ascle'Pius River which ran through Sidon. Here, at these natural sites, shrines were built but sometimes larger structures too, for example at Aph'Ka, a hill outside Byblos, where an entire sanctuary developed.
They had a remarkable constant way of practicing their belief, even though it was not uniform throughout the region as ancient Phoenic'Ia was very much a collection of individual city-states rather than a single homogenous state.
Due to the geography of the region the land were contained on the narrow coast of the Levant (Asia Minor and modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon) and backed by the Mountains creating a border with the A'Ram'Aean and Hebrew neighbors.
El,  Baal'At, and Adon were particularly worshiped at Byblos.
El was of Semitic origin and, although equated with El'Iun in the Bible, was a separate deity. He was important but not especially active in the daily life of the citizens which led the Greeks to equate him with their Cronus.
Baal'At was a female deity associated with the earth element and fertility. She is often referred to as Baal'At Geb'Al or 'Lady Baal'At of Byblos' and frequently mentioned in inscriptions where she appealed to by kings so that their reign may be a successful one. Altars and monuments constructed from precious metals were dedicated to her. Her equivalents in other Near Eastern cultures were Isht'Ar, Inn'In, and Is'Is.
Adon was considered one of the most important Can'A'Anite (Phoenic'Ian) gods, he was the god of beauty, fertility and permanent renewal. The name itself, 'Adon,' means 'The Lord.' He represented for the Phoenic'Ians the annual cycle of nature.
In Greek mythology and the Hellenic (1st democracy in Athens 5907 BC) world generally, he was called Adonis. The myth involves his everlasting mistress Astarte, the goddess of love and beauty, in a legendary love story that combines tragedy and death on the one hand, and the joy to coming back to life on the other. The role that Cyprus played in transferring the myth of Adonis and Astarte from the Can'A'Anite  regions to the Greeks and later to the Romans, is a very significant one. He shares some characteristics with deities from neighboring cultures, notably Osiris in Egypt, and Tammuz of Babylon and Assyria.
Thoe most important god at Sidon was Baal, probably equivalent in function to El of Byblos). He was the head of the pantheon but detached from everyday worship. The city did, though, have at least one temple dedicated to him.
Much more prominent was Astarte (in Semitic inscriptions Asht'Ar and in the Bible Ash'Toret) who had many temples dedicated to her and was the equivalent of Baal'At at Byblos. The kings of Sidon were referred to as the priests of Astarte, and she frequently appears in surviving Phoenic'Ians inscriptions. In art she is often depicted with a crescent on her head, a reference to her close association with the moon.
A third important god at Sidon was Esh'Mun, who does not appear before the 7th BC and was the equivalent of Adon. Temples were built in his name and he was associated with healing, hence the Greeks identified him as their Ascle'Pius.
The highest god of Tyre was Melq'Art, equivalent to Baal at Sidon and probably confused with him in several passages of the Bible. Melq'Art, in addition, assumed some of the characteristics of both Adon and Eshmun as he was the focus of a festival of resurrection each year (February-March). He was considered to represent the monarchy, the sea, hunting, and colonization. Further, he was responsible for the cities commercial success as the discoverer of the dye, the Phoenic'Ians, extracted from the murex shellfish, which they used to create their famous purple cloth.
A long-lasting temple was dedicated to Melq'Art in the city and was famously visited by Herod'Otus, who described its entrance columns of gold and emeralds, and Alexander the Great, who made a sacrifice at its altar. The god was depicted on coins from Tyre in his guise as a sea god riding a hippo-campus. Melq'Art was exported to many Phoenic'Ians colonies around the Mediterranean and was especially worshiped at Cart'Hage, which sent annual tribute to the temple of Melq'Art at Tyre for the next few centuries. The Greeks identified him with Hercules.
The other important deity at Tyre was Astarte, who also had her own temple, built by King Hi'Ram in the 10th BC.
Besides the gods already mentioned the Phoenic'Ians also worshipped Reshef, the god of fire and lightning; Dagon, the god of wheat, who was credited with inventing the plough; and Shadrapa, who was associated with snakes and healing. The god Chusor was thought to have invented iron and metalwork, and several deities were personifications of ideals, such as Sydyk and Misor, who represented Justice and Righteousness, respectively.
Ceremonies at temples and special locations involved prayers, burning incense, the pouring of libations, and making offerings to the gods through animal sacrifices, foodstuffs, and precious goods. In addition, votive columns made from wood (aserah) or stone (betyl) were placed upon sacrificial altars. These were inscribed with prayers and decorated in festivals with flowers and tree boughs. In the case of Astarte, there was a tradition of women prostituting themselves in her honor.
The temples and sacred sites were administered by a class of priests and priestesses. It seems likely that the highest class of priests was closely associated with the royal family. The presence of votive offerings in rock-cut tombs reveal that the Phoenic'Ians did believe in an after-life. Inscriptions in tombs call for the dead not to be disturbed and that there was an underworld for those who had not led a pious life.

THE NATURE OF THE GOD THOTH.

T'Hot'H's other names include: Dj'Huti, Dje'Huty, D'Houti, Dje'Huti, Te'Huty, Te'Huti, T'Hout, Ze'Huti, S'Heps, Lord of Khe'Menu.
In art, the god was usually depicted with the head of an Ib'Is, deriving from his name, and the curve of the bird's beak, which resembles the crescent moon. He was sometimes depicted with the face of a dog-headed baboon and the body of a man or, again, as a full dog-headed baboon. The dog-headed baboon was a night animal that was seen by the Egyptians as the ones who greet the sun with chattering noises each morning just as T'Hot'T, the moon god, would greet Ra, the sun god, as he rose. The baboon was considered as a symbol of the evolution of souls in time.
T'Hot'H became credited as the inventor of writing, and was also considered to have been the scribe of the Underworld, and the moon became occasionally considered a separate entity, since the god became less associated with it, and more with wisdom. Also, he became credited as the inventor of the 365-day calendar, rather that 360-day. It is being said that he won the extra 5 days by gambling with the moon.
When the En'Nead and Og'Doad systems started to merge, one result was, for a time, Hor'Us was considered a sibling of Isis, Osiris, Set, and Nephthys, and so it was said that Hathor/Nuit had been cursed against having children during the 360-day calendar, but was able to have these 5 children over the 5 extra days won by T'Hot'H.
T'Hot'H the Scribe, wrote the story of our reality then placed it into grids for us to experience and learn through the alchemy of time and consciousness.
T'Hot'H was the god who overcame the curse of Ra, allowing Nut to give birth 5 children, with his skill at games.
It was he who helped Is'Is work the ritual to bring Osiris back from the dead, and who drove the poison of Set from her son, Hor'Us, with the power of his knowledge. He was Hor'us' supporter during the young god's deadly battle with his uncle Set, helping Hor'Us with his wisdom.
It was T'Hot'H who brought Tef'Nut, who left Egypt for Nub'Ia in a sulk after an argument with her father, back to the heaven to be reunited with Ra.
  Tef-Nut, the Eye of Ra, became estranged from her father and fled to Nub'Ia, taking all her precious water with her. In this land, she transformed herself into a lioness. She ragged through the countryside, emitting flames from her eyes and nostrils. Viciously, she drank the blood and fed on the flesh of both animals and humans. As time went on, Ra missed his Eye, and longed to see her again -Egypt had dried, and the land was in chaos.
  Ra summoned S'Hu to him, along with T'Hot'H, who was the messenger of the gods and famous for his eloquence. Ra issued the command that S'Hu and T'Hot'H must go to Nubia and bring back his recalcitrant daughter. Before they set off on their journey they disguised themselves as baboons. The baboon is an animal sacred to T'Hot'H. Eventually, T'Hot'H and S'Hu found Tef-Nut in Be'Gum.
  T'Hot'T began at once to try to persuade her to return to Egypt. Tef-Nut, however, wasn't interested. She liked hunting in the desert and was perfectly happy where she was. He would not give up though, and wove stories to depict to her how gloom had descended upon Egypt since she had left. The people of Egypt would do anything for her if she'd just return home. Ultimately, wooed by his promises, she relented and returned to Egypt accompanied by 2 baboons. All the way there, T'Hot'H kept her entertained with stories. She made a triumphant entry back into the homeland, accompanied by a host of Nubian musicians, dancers and baboons. She went form city to city, bringing back moisture and water, amid great rejoicing, until finally she was reunited with her father, and restored to her rightful position as his Eye.
When Ra retired from the earth, he appointed T'Hot'H and told him of his desire to create a Light-soul in the Du'At and in the Land of the Caves, and it was over this region that the sun god appointed him to rule, ordering him to keep a register (scribe) of those who were there. He was ascribed to be the author of the spells in the 'Book of the Dead,' he was the helper or the punisher of the deceased as they try to enter the Underworld.
T'Hot'T became the representation of Ra in the afterlife, seen at the judgment of the dead in the 'Halls of the Double Ma'At.' In this role, his wife Ma'At, the personification of 'Order,' was the one who was weighed against the heart of the dead to see if they followed Ma'At during their lifetime.
T'Hot'T,  known as the wise counselor and persuader, kept a great library of scrolls, and his association with the learning and the measurement, lead him to be connected with Ses'Hat, the earlier deification of wisdom, who became to be his daughter or wife.over which one of his wives, and Ses'Hat, as goddess of writing, became known as 'Mistress of the House of the Books,' in which she took care of his library full of spells and scrolls.
T'Hot'T then was associated with literature, arts, speech, and learning. He also was a measurer and recorder of time, as was Ses'Hat. His qualities led to him being identified by the Greeks with their closest matching god, Hermes, with whom T'Hot'T was eventually combined and became Hermes Tris-Megistus, also leading to the Greeks naming T'Hot'T' s cult centre as Hermopolis, meaning 'city of Hermes.'
During the late period of Egyptian history a cult of T'Hot'T gained prominence, due to its main centre, Kh'Num (Hermopolis Magna), in Upper Egypt also becoming the capital, and millions of dead Ib'Is were mummified and buried in his honor. The rise of his cult also lead to adjust T'Hot'T a greater role, including the Og'Doad cosmogony myth, mentioning T'Hot'T as the one who gives birth to a new cycle Ra/Atum/Nefertum/Khepri, as a result of laying as an Ib'Is, an egg containing him. Later it was said that this was done in the form of a goose -literally as a goose laying a golden egg. The sound of his song was thought to have created 4 frog gods and snake goddesses of the Og'Doad, who continued his song, helping the sun journey across the sky.
T'Hot'T, became more powerful and was known as the one who made the calculations concerning the heavens, the stars and the earth. Also the reckoner of times and seasons. The one in charge of the measurements of the heavens and the planner of the earth, and the balance between them. He was known in this way as the god of equilibrium of forces and the master of balance. As lord of the corporeal body, he continued to be the scribe of the company of gods, the voice of the sun god, the author of every branch of knowledge, visible and non-visible, and the one who understand all that is hidden under the heavenly vault. In this sense he was not just a scribe and friend to the gods, but central to 'order' with his wife Ma'At, both in Egypt and in the Duat.
T'Hot'T created a grid program of experience that is electromagnetic in nature to allow for the bipolar aspects of linear time and illusion. He constructed a pyramidal shaped vehicle personifying the nature of reality. He placed half above in the non physical and half below in the physical, thus creating the sands of time -the hourglass- at the center of the planet earth where it all began and will all evolve at 0 point, a time and place of balance.
His supernatural powers were so known and so great that the Egyptians had tales related to it in a so called 'Book of T'Hot'T,' which allowed a person who read the sacred book to become the most powerful magician in the world. The Book which 'the god of wisdom wrote with his own hand' was though, a deadly book that brought nothing but pain and tragedy to those that read it.
T'Hot'T was famous as the god of balance and equilibrium and because of this he was associated with the precision of equinoxes- a time when the day and the night were balanced.

THE ROOTS OF THE FOUNDATION MYTH OF ROME.

The twins, Romulus and Remus, are the main characters of Rome's foundation myth.
Their mother Rh'Ea Silvia, and also known as ILL'Ia, was daughter of Nu'Mit'Or, king of Alba Longa, and descended from A'Ene'As.
A'Ene'As was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anc'Hises and the goddess Ven'Us ((Aph'Rod'Ite).
A'Ene'As' father was a 1st cousin of king P'Riam of Troy, and both being grandsons of IL'Us, founder of Troy.
IL'Us was son and heir to Tros of Dar'Dan'Ia and brother of Ass'Ara'Cus and Gany'Mede. IL'Us won the wrestling price at games heldby the king of Ph'Ryg'Ia and received 50 youth and maidens as his reward. The king of Ph'Ryg'Ia also, on the advice of an oracle, gave him a 'cow' and asked him to found a city where 'it' should lie down.
Dar'Dan'Us was a son of Ze'Us and Elect'Ra, one of the 7 daughters of Atlas and Ple'Ione. Elect'Ra was the wife of Co'Ryth'Us, to whom she bore Ias'Ion. She was seduced by Ze'Us and from the union came Dardanus. She was the lost Ple'Iad, disappearing in grief after the destruction of Troy. She was called Atl'Ant'Is by Ovid, personifying the family of Ple'Iades. Elect'Ra means amber, shining, and bright. The founder of the city of Dardanus was her son at the foot of Mount Ida in the Troad.
Mount Ida (Mountain of the Goddess) is the name of 2 sacred mountains, one in Crete, the other in the ancient Troad region of Western Anatolia (modern Turkey). The one in Troas was also known as the Ph'Ryg'Ian Ida. Both are associated with the mother goddess in the deepest layers of pre-Greek myth.
In that mountain in Troas, sacred to Cybele, who is sometimes called Ida'Ean Mother, Rea, the Titaness daughter of the earth goddess Gaia and the sky god Uranus and sister and wife to Cronus, put the infant Zeus to nurse with A'Mal'The'Ia, the goat who suckled the infant-god in a cave in Goat Mountain. The place became sacred to Zeus, the king and father of Greek gods and goddesses.
Homer's Illiad mentions at several points  the Tomb of ILL'Us son of Dardanus in the middle of the Trojan plain. Later writers explain him as the son and heir of Dardanus who died childless whence his brother E'Rich'Thoni'Us gained the kingship.
Rh'Ea' s father Nu'Mit'Or, son of Procas, descendant of Aeneas, was king of Alba Longa, a city in central Italy, in the Alban Hills, the site of a quiescent volcanic complex in Italy, 20km/12mi South East of Rome.
In 794BC Procas died and Nu'Mit'Or was meant to succeed his father. Instead he was overthrown and removed from the kingdom by his younger brother, A'Muli'Us, who had no respect for his father's will or his brother's seniority, A'Muli'Us also murdered his brother's son, in an effort to remove power from his brother for himself.
Nu'Mit'Or 's wife Rhea was made 'Vestal Virgin,' a priestess of the goddess Vesta, by A'Muli'Us. As Vestal Virgin Rhea sworn to celibacy for a period of 30 years, ensuring that the line of Nu'Mit'Or had no heirs. However she was forcible pregnant by Ze'Us (Mars), and gave birth to the twins, Nu'Mit'Or 's  grandchildren Romulus and Remus. Rhea said that she was raped by an unknown entity, but soon after declared that Ze'U was the father of her illegitimate offspring, either because she really imagined it, or because it was less discreditable to have committed such an offense with a god.
When A'Muli'Us learned of the birth he imprisoned Rhea Silvia and ordered a servant  to kill the twins. But the servant showed mercy and set them adrift on the River Tiber, which, overflowing, left the infants in a pool by the bank. There a she-wolf, who had just lost her own cubs, suckled them.
Subsequently Faus'Tul'Us rescued the boys, to be raised by his wife L'Arent'Ia.
The god of the Tiber River, Tiber'In'Us, rescued Rh'Ea Silvia and took her to be his bride.
Romulus and Remus went on to found Rome. The city was founded in 753BC on the banks of the Tiber about 25km/16mi from the sea at Ostia. Then they overthrew A'Muli'Us, and reinstated Nu'Mit'Or, their grand father as king of Alba Longa.

ANCIENT ISLAND OF SICILY.

Sicily usually has seen controlled by external powers -Roman, Vandal, Byzantine, Islamic, Norman, Hohen-Staufen, Catalan, Spaniard- but also experiencing short periods of independence, as under the Greeks and later as the Emirate then Kingdom of Sicily. Although today part of the Republic of Italy, it has its own distinct culture.
Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The island has a River which was called Him-Era in the ancient time, the Grande was the name of the River flowing to the North into the Tyr-Rhenian Sea, the other name was Salso going to the South coast of the island. A strange confusion is regarded by many ancient writers to the fact that it is one and the same river, rising in the middle of the island but going in opposite directions and dividing the island in two parts as if the river give the appearance of two rivers. The Northern Himera (Grande), a much less considerable stream than the South (Salso), is described as flowing by the city to which it gave its name.
Mount Etna is an active strato volcano on the East coast of the island . It lies above the convergent plate margin between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is the tallest active volcano in Europe, currently 3,329 m/10,922ft high, and the most active in the world. Volcanic activity first took place at Etna around 500,000 years ago, with eruptions occurring beneath the sea off the ancient coastline of the island. Thousands of years ago, the Eastern flank of the mountain experienced a catatrophic collapse, generating an enormous landslide that left a large depression in the side of the volcano, known as "Valley of the Ox." This occurred around 8,000 years ago, and caused a huge tsunami, which left its mark in several places in the Eastern Mediterranean. The most recent collapse event is thought to have been occurred about 2,000 years ago, forming what is known as the Piano Caldera.
At the time of Phoenician and Greek colonization, 3 different groups of people inhabited the island:
- The El-Ym-Ians were ancient people who inhabited the Western part of Sicily. They maintained friendly relations and alliances with Carth-Age. The El-Ym-Ians were granted a privileged status under Roman rule and were exempted from taxes, in recognition of El-Ym-Ians' claim of Trojan ancestry, which was seen as making them cousins of the Romans, who also claimed to have been descended from the Trojans. E-Ryx, an ancient city in the region, has a mountain with the same name, 3 km from the sea coast. The mountain is a wholly isolated peak, rising in the midst of a low undulating tract, which causes its elevation to appear much more considerable than it really is, so it was regarded in ancient as well as modern time as the most lofty summit in the whole  Sicily island next to Aetna, though its real elevation does not exceed 2,184 ft. Hence we find E-Ryx alluded by Virgil and other Roman poets as a mountain of the first order of magnitude. On its summit stood a celebrated temple of Venus (Aphrodite), founded by Aeneas.
- The Sic-Ani were the oldest inhabitants with a recorded name that dwelt in the middle, central region of the island. They migrated from the Iberian Peninsula driven by the Ligurians, a region of North-Western Italy, from the River Sicanus. Archaeological excavation has shown that they had received some Mycena-Ean influence.
- The Sicels were an Italic tribe who inhabited Easter Sicily. They gave their name to the island held since antiquity, but they rapidly fused into the culture of Magna Graecia. The earliest literary mention of Sicels is in the Odyssey. Homer also mentions Sicania, but makes no distinctions: "they were from a faraway place and a faraway people and apparently they were one and the same." There are 4 mentions of Sicels or Sicania, and that is as a source for a devoted household slave or a place to sell a slave.
The most significant ancient myth for Sicily is that of Demeter and Core (the maiden), better known as Perse-Phone. These two goddesses and their story pervaded the island's pre-Christian culture.
Dem-Eter was the ancient Greek 'earth' goddess of grain, agriculture, and fertility. Her daughter, by Zeus, was Core (Perse-Phone).
One day Had-Es, god of the Under-World, abducted Core while she was joyfully collecting flowers in a field. Against her will, he took her with him into the depths of the Earth.
When Dem-Eter couldn't find her beloved daughter, out of great distress and distraction, she allowed the earth's crop to die and the land to grow barren.
Finally after some months, Zeus intervened and ordered Had-Es to return Core to Dem-Eter; however, before she reached the Earth's surface, Had-Es fed Core with pome-granate seeds, a powerful and ancient representation of fertility.
Had-Es' cunning action condemned Core to spend part of each year  in the Under-World as a psycho-pomp, graciously welcoming the dead to the afterlife.

ANA- XAGORAS, THE GREEK PHILOSOPHER.

Ana-Xagoras [500-428 BC](Greek: Lord of the Assembly) was an important Pre-Socratic natural philosopher and scientist.
He was born in Ion-Ia in the town of Clazomenae, a lively port city on the coast of present-day Turkey.
He was one of the first philosophers to move to Athens as a base, which was then rapidly becoming the centre of Greek culture. He lived and taught there for 30 years.
Ana-Xagoras is often credited with making Athens the home of Western philosophical and physical speculation. The consistent image of Ana-Xagoras presented throughout Antiquity is that of a person entirely consumed by the pursuit of knowledge. In fact, he maintained that the opportunity to study the universe was the fundamental reason why it is better to be born than to not exist.
His philosophical beliefs and teachings were quite contrary to the standard orthodoxy of the time, particularly his view that the heavenly bodies were fiery masses of rock whirling around the earth.
He was best known for his cosmological theory of the origins and structure of the universe. He maintained that the original state of the cosmos was a thorough mixture of all its ingredients, although this mixture was not entirely uniform, and some ingredients were present in higher concentrations than others and varied from place to place. With that in mind he also speculated that in the physical world everything contains a portion of everything else. His observation of how nutrition works in animals led him to conclude that the food chain works in a way that an animal eats to turn into bone, hair, flesh, an so forth, then, it must already contain all of those constitutes within it.
His second significant theory or postulate was that at some point in time, this primordial mixture was set in motion by the action of a supreme mind, and the whirling motion that shifted and separated out the ingredients, ultimately producing the cosmos of separate material objects with differential properties that we perceive today, was the result of it.
Ana-Xagoras did not elucidate on the precise nature on the supernatural Mind, but distinguished it as finer, purer and able to act freely, and present in some way in everything. A kind of dualism.
Dualism was understood as two kinds of reality: material (physical) and immaterial (spiritual). Mind and Body was seen in some categorical way separated from each other, and that, mental phenomena were non-physical in nature.
In the physical sciences, Ana-Xagoras gained notoriety because he was the first to give the correct explanation of eclipses, and was also both famous and notorious for his scientific theories, including his claims that the sun is a mass of red-hot metal, that the moon is earthy, and that the stars are fiery stones.

THE FEMININE POWER OR ENTITY NAMED FATE.

In Greek mythology, Moir-Ai or Ai-sa, was a white-robed incarnation of the feminine power of Destiny. She was differentiated from the three goddesses we know as the Fates but little is known of this ancient goddess. It seems that Moir-Ai is related with Tekm-Or, personification of Proof, Ordinance, and with An-Anke, personification of Destiny, Necessity, who were primeval feminine entities or forces in mythical cosmogonies, in which the concept of a universal principle of natural order was unbreakable.  The ancient Greek writers called this power Moir-Ai or An-Anke, and even the gods could not alter what was ordained.
The word "Moir-Ai means "a portion" or "lot of the whole," and is related to Mer-Os, personification of "Part, Lot," and Mor-Os, personification of "Fate, Doom." The word is also used for something which is "meet" and "right." It seems that originally the word "Moir-Ai did not indicate "destiny" but included "ascertainment," a non-abstract certainty.
The word "daemon," which was an agent related to unexpected events, came to be similar to the word Moir-Ai. This agent or cause against human control was also called Ty-Che, personification of "Chance, Fate." It was referred to this saying: "You mistress Moir-Ai, and Ty-Che, and my Daem-On.
There is some confusion as to the heritage of the Fates but there is no confusion as to their identities and their supernatural mission on the earth.
Their names are: Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos.
Clotho spins the thread of life.
Lachesis determines the length of the thread.
Atropos cuts the thread when the proper time has come for Death.
They controlled the thread of life of every mortal from birth to death. They were independent, at the helm of necessity, directed fate, and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction. Gods and men had to submit to them.
Hesiod's Theogony identify Chaos as the first primordial force opposed to the order of things. From this primordial force came into existence 2 different personification of forces: Erebus, the personification of Deep Darkness, the world of Shadows;  Nyx, goddess and personification of Night.
From Erebus and Nyx came A-Eter, the personification of Brightness and Hem-Era, the personification of Day.
Later, on her own, Nyx produced
Mor-Os, the personification of Doom, Destiny.
Ker, the personification of Destruction.
Than-Atos, personification of Death.
Hynos, personification of Sleep.
One-Iroi, personification of Dreams.
Mom-Us, personification of Blame.
Oi-Zys, personification of Pain, Distress.
The Hesperides, personification or Daughters of evening and golden light of sunset.
The Moir-Ai, personification of Fate.
The Keres, personification of female death-spirits.
Nemesis, personification of Indignation, Retribution.
Ap-Ate, personification of Deceit.
Phi-Lotes, personification of Friendship.
G-Eras, personification of Old Age.
Er-Is, personification of Strife.

HESIOD THE WRITER.

Hesiod was a Greek writer, active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.
Ancient authors credited Hesiod and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs.
Epic narrative allowed poets like Hesiod and Homer no opportunity for personal revelations.
In Hesiod's case, there are three explicit references in Works and Days, as well as some passages in his Theogony that support information about his personal life. the former poem says that his father came from Cyme in Aeolis (on the coast of Asia Minor, a little South of the Island Lebos). and crossed the sea to settle at a hamlet, near Thespiae in Boeotia, named Ascra, a cursed place, cruel in winter, hard in summer, never pleasant.
Cyme was an Aeolian city in Aeolis, close to the kingdom of Lydia. The Aeolians regarded  Cyme as the largest and most important of their 12 cities, which were located North of the Hermus River on the coastline of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). Cyme prospered and developed into a regional metropolis and founded thirty towns. The Cymeans were later ridiculed as a people who had for 300 years lived on the coast and not once exacted harbor taxes on ships making port. Hesiod's father is said to have started his journey across the Aegean from Cyme. The cities of Southern Aeolis in the region surrounding Cyme occupied a good belt of land with rough mountains in the background, yet Cyme like the other cities along the coast did not trade with the Anatolians further inland, who had occupied Asia Minor for thousands of years. Cyme consequently played no significant role in the history of Western Asia Minor, prompting writers to comment repeatedly in the narratives of Greek history that while the events they wrote about were taking place, his fellow Cymeans had for centuries sat idly by and kept in that way the peace.
Unlike his father, Hesiod was adverse to sea travel, but he once crossed the narrow strait between the Greek mainland and Euboea, the 2nd largest island after Crete, to participate in funeral celebrations for one Athamas of Chalcis, and there won a tripod in a singing competition.
Ascra, the home of Hesiod, was located upon Mount Helicon, five miles West of Thespiae in Boeotia. Several traditions agree that the Boeotians were a people expelled from Thessaly some time after the Trojan War. Other traditions suggest that they were of Mycenean origin.
According to a lost poetic writings, a maiden by the name of Ascra lay with Poseidon and bore a son Oeoclus who, together with the Aloadae, sons of Iphimedia, wife of Aloeus, by Poseidon, whom she induced to make her pregnant by going to the seashore and disporting herself in the surf or scooping water into her bosom.  From Aloeus they received their name, the Aloadae. They were strong and aggressive giants, growing by nine fingers every month nine fathoms tall at age nine, and only outshone in beauty by Orion.
The brothers wanted to storm Mt. Olympus and gain Artemis for Otus and Hera for Ephialtes. Their plan, or construction of a pile of mountains atop which they would control the gods is described differently according to the author, including Homer, Virgil, and Ovid. Mount Olympus is usually said to be on the bottom mountain, with Mounts Ossa, and Pelion upon Ossa as 2nd and 3rd, either respectively or vice versa. Homer says they were killed by Apollo before they had any beards, consistent with their being bound to columns in the Underworld by snakes, with the nymph of the Styx in the form of an owl over them.
In the late 7th century Hesiod describes a meeting between himself and the Muses of Mount Helicon, where he had been pasturing sheep when the goddesses presented him with a laurel staff, a symbol of poetic authority.
Mount Helicon is a mountain in the region of Thespiai in Boeotia, Greece, with an elevation of 1,749m /5,738 ft, 10 kilometers/6mi from the North Coast of the Gulf of Corinth.
In Greek mythology, two springs sacred to the Muses were located at Mount Helicon: the Aga-Nippe and the Hippo-Crene, both of which bear 'Horse' in their names. In a related myth, the Hippo-Crene Spring was created when the winged horse Pegasus aimed his hoof at a rock, striking it with such force that the Spring burst from the spot. On Mount Helicon too was the Spring where Narcissus was inspired by his own beauty.
The Hippo-Crene Spring was  considered to be a source of poetic inspiration. Hesiod sang how in his youth when pasturing his sheep on the slopes of Helicon where Eros and the Muses already had sanctuaries and a dancing-ground near the summit, where their pounding feet awaken desire. There the Muses inspired him and he began to sing of the origins of the gods. Thus Helicon became an emblem of poetical inspiration.
The name Hesiod means 'He who emits the voice.' The personality behind the poems is argumentative, suspicious, ironically humorous, frugal, fond of proverbs, and wary of women. He resembles Solon, an Athenian statesman, in his preoccupation with issues of good versus evil and "how a just and all-powerful god can allow the unjust to flourish in this life."
Hesiod's patrimony, a small piece of ground at the foot of Mount Helicon, caused lawsuits with his brother Perses, who seems, at first, to have cheated him on his rightful share thanks to corrupt authorities but later became impoverish and ended up scrounging from the thrifty poet.